Title : Music for reduction pain of needle insertions in pediatrics: A systematic review
Abstract:
Introduction:
Hospitalization is considered a traumatic event for the child due to invasive procedures. Studies suggest 100% of children experience pain during needle insertion (intravenous starts, venipunctures, injections). There is growing interested in strategies to reduce procedural pain in pediatric patients, and music could be a simple and easy technique to implement. The literature shows no strong evidence about the effectiveness of music on procedural pain in pediatric patients during needle insertion.
Methods:
A Systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. To identify relevant studies, we searched the following databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCTR), Embase, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), and Scopus. Studies were experimentally published from 2013 to 2023, written in English or Italian, had abstracts available, and included only pediatric patients aged 3 to 13 years. The risk of bias was assessed using the Edward Score.
Results:
Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The methodological characteristics of these studies varied. The studies included 541 patients. The outcomes assessed were pain, anxiety, and stress. Children were excluded if they had hearing impairments, developmental disabilities, or sensory impairment to pain. The instrument used for the assessment of pain varied among the studies. The results showed that using music significantly reduced pain during venipuncture procedures.
Conclusions:
Music can help reduce pain and anxiety in children during venipuncture procedures; it is an easy nonpharmacological strategy that nurses could apply in all healthcare settings to create a welcoming and comfortable environment for children.
Key-words: Pain, Child, Phlebotomy, Music Therapy.
