Title : Nursing intervention in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction and discharged alive according to risk scales
Abstract:
Risk stratification is one of the main objectives in the comprehensive management of acute coronary syndromes. Currently, the TIMI and GRACE risk scores are used. Given the high prevalence of this disease, we consider these scales to be of great importance for the comprehensive treatment of patients, with the role of nursing being vital in obtaining the parameters required for these scoring systems. A retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction who were discharged alive from the Orlando Pantoja Hospital between January and December 2024. A total of 44 patients were selected through simple random sampling, constituting the study sample. Cardiovascular risk scales were applied according to the TIMI and GRACE protocols. Data were presented in statistical tables and expressed as percentages. The variables analyzed included age, sex, type of infarction, complications, personal and family medical history, as well as the parameters included in the risk scales. Among the evaluated patients with acute myocardial infarction who were discharged alive and included in the study, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction predominated according to risk scales. The most affected age groups were 40 to 50 years for males and over 73 years for females. Hypertensive and diabetic patients with family histories of these same conditions were notably represented. According to the GRACE scale, most patients were classified as intermediate risk, while the TIMI scale classified the majority as high risk. The most frequent complications were arrhythmias and heart failure.
Keywords: Risk, Scales, Myocardial Infarction
